Staphylococci are gram-positive, aerobic bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus is the species with the highest virulence; it typically causes skin infections and sometimes pneumonia, endocarditis and osteomyelitis. Often it leads to abscess formation. Some strains liberate toxins which can cause gastroenteritis, a scalded-skin syndrome and toxic shock syndrome. The diagnosis is made by Gram stain and culture. The therapy is usually done by penicillinasefesten ?-lactams, but also vancomycin or other newer antibiotics may be needed due to a frequently present resistance. Some tribes are partially or completely resistant to all but the newest antibiotics to which (not available in the US) are linezolid, Tedizolid, quinupristin / dalfopristin, daptomycin, telavancin, dalbavancin, Oritavancin, Tigezyklin, ceftobiprole and Ceftarolin.
The ability of blood to clot by Koagulaseproduktion distinguishes the virulent pathogen Staphylococcus aureus from the less virulent species of coagulase-negative staphylococci. Coagulase-positive S. aureus include both because of their virulence and because of their ability to develop resistance to antibiotics, the most common and most dangerous human pathogens.
Staphylococci are gram-positive, aerobic bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus is the species with the highest virulence; it typically causes skin infections and sometimes pneumonia, endocarditis and osteomyelitis. Often it leads to abscess formation. Some strains liberate toxins which can cause gastroenteritis, a scalded-skin syndrome and toxic shock syndrome. The diagnosis is made by Gram stain and culture. The therapy is usually done by penicillinasefesten ?-lactams, but also vancomycin or other newer antibiotics may be needed due to a frequently present resistance. Some tribes are partially or completely resistant to all but the newest antibiotics to which (not available in the US) are linezolid, Tedizolid, quinupristin / dalfopristin, daptomycin, telavancin, dalbavancin, Oritavancin, Tigezyklin, ceftobiprole and Ceftarolin. The ability of blood to clot by Koagulaseproduktion distinguishes the virulent pathogen Staphylococcus aureus from the less virulent species of coagulase-negative staphylococci. Coagulase-positive S. aureus include both because of their virulence and because of their ability to develop resistance to antibiotics, the most common and most dangerous human pathogens. Coagulase-negative species such as S. epidermidis associated to an increasing extent with nosocomial infections; S. saprophyticus causes urinary tract infections. S. lugdunensis, a coagulase-negative species, invasive disease with virulence, similar to the remains of S. aureus cause Unlike most coagulase-negative staphylococci species S. lugdunensis often sensitive to penicillinase-resistant ?-lactam antibiotics. Pathogenic staphylococci occur ubiquitously. You can usually transient, are found in approximately 30% of healthy adults in the front portions of the nasal cavity and about 20% on the skin of these areas of staphylococcal infections in the host and others can cause. The rates are higher in hospital patients and staff. Risk factors People who staph infections are predisposed to include newborns and nursing mothers patients with influenza, chronic bronchopulmonary disease (eg. As cystic fibrosis, emphysema), leukemia, tumors, chronic skin diseases, diabetes mellitus, or burns patients with a transplant , an implanted prosthesis, other foreign bodies or a permanent intravascular plastic catheters surgical incision patients adrenal steroids, radiation, immunosuppressive drugs or chemotherapy received drug users with injecting Preloaded patients eventually acquire antibiotic-resistant staphylococci from other patients, the nursing staff or of inanimate objects in medical facilities , The transfer takes place mostly on the contaminated hands of the medical staff, however, airborne transmission may also occur. Staphylococcal diseases caused staphylococci cause disease by direct tissue invasion Sometimes by forming exotoxin A direct tissue invasion is the most common mechanism in staphylococcal diseases, including the following: skin infections pneumonia endocarditis Osteomyelitis Septic arthritis Multiple exotoxins are sometimes produced by staphylococci. Some cause local effects; other trigger the release of cytokines from certain T-cells, leading to severe systemic effects (eg., skin lesions, shock, organ failure, death). Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is a toxin that was produced from strains that are infected with a particular bacteriophage. PVL is typically present in strains of CA-MRSA and is supposed to transfer the ability to necrosis, but this effect was not confirmed. Toxic shock syndrome Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome staphylococcal Lebensmittelintoxikationen The diseases mentioned below are discussed elsewhere in the MSD Manual: the transferred by toxins staphylococcal diseases include the following. Staphylococcal bacteremia staphylococcal bacteremia, which causes frequent metastatic Infektionsfoci, may occur at any localized staphylococcal infection, but is particularly frequently associated with infections of intravascular catheter or other foreign body. But it can also occur without evidence of primary localization. S. epidermidis and other coagulase-negative staphylococci lead increased to nosocomial bacteremia associated with intravascular catheters and other foreign bodies, because they can form a biofilm on these Materia Line. This bacteremia contribute significantly to morbidity (particularly extension of hospitalization) and mortality in patients weakened bei.Staphylokokkeninfektionen skin skin infections are the most common manifestation of staphylococcal diseases. Superficial infections may be diffuse, with vesicular pustules and crusting (impetigo), sometimes with cellulitis, or focal and nodular abscesses (boils and carbuncles). Deeper cutaneous abscesses are common. Severe necrotizing skin infections can occur. Staphylococci are frequently involved in infections of wounds and burns, postoperative wound infections and mastitis or Mammaabszessen in nursing mothers. 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