(Variola)
Smallpox is a highly contagious disease that is caused by the smallpox virus, an orthopoxvirus. In up to 30% of cases, the death of patients. Natural infections have been eradicated, since the last “reservoir of pathogens” are now only secret laboratories of the military and intelligence agencies, the main concern is now the front of bioterrorist attacks. The smallpox virus is part of the “dirty dozen” on the list of CDC bioterrorism usable biological warfare agents. As the illness progresses to severe constitutional symptoms and a characteristic rash pustuläres develop. Treatment is purely supportive. Preventive can be vaccinated, but this is only selectively done due to the associated risks.
Since 1977, no smallpox disease have occurred worldwide due to the global vaccination campaign. In 1980, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended the cessation of routine vaccination against smallpox. The routine vaccination was stopped in the US in the 1972nd In the Federal Republic of Germany nor the last 1,982 conscripts were forcibly vaccinated. Since man is the only natural reservoir of the virus and smallpox because the virus can not survive> 2 days in the environment, the WHO has declared the natural infection for eradicated. to take advantage of the interest retained poxviruses from research labs or even synthetic virus to bioterrorism purposes, increases the possibility of recurrence (biological agents as weapons and CDC: Smallpox: Emergency Preparedness and Response).
Smallpox is a highly contagious disease that is caused by the smallpox virus, an orthopoxvirus. In up to 30% of cases, the death of patients. Natural infections have been eradicated, since the last “reservoir of pathogens” are now only secret laboratories of the military and intelligence agencies, the main concern is now the front of bioterrorist attacks. The smallpox virus is part of the “dirty dozen” on the list of CDC bioterrorism usable biological warfare agents. As the illness progresses to severe constitutional symptoms and a characteristic rash pustuläres develop. Treatment is purely supportive. Preventive can be vaccinated, but this is only selectively done due to the associated risks. Since 1977, no smallpox disease have occurred worldwide due to the global vaccination campaign. In 1980, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended the cessation of routine vaccination against smallpox. The routine vaccination was stopped in the US in the 1972nd In the Federal Republic of Germany nor the last 1,982 conscripts were forcibly vaccinated. Since man is the only natural reservoir of the virus and smallpox because the virus can not survive> 2 days in the environment, the WHO has declared the natural infection for eradicated. to take advantage of the interest retained poxviruses from research labs or even synthetic virus to bioterrorism purposes, increases the possibility of recurrence (biological agents as weapons and CDC: Smallpox: Emergency Preparedness and Response). Pathophysiology There are at least two pox virus types: Variola major (classical smallpox), the virulent strain of variola minor (alastrim), the less virulent strain Smallpox is transmitted from person to person through inhalation or less efficient by direct contact. Contaminated clothing or bedding can also transmit infection. The transferability of the infection is highest in the first 7-10 days after the onset of the rash. Once form on the skin lesions crusts, the infectivity decreases again. The disease rate is in unvaccinated people up to 85%, and each infection can cause up to 4-10 new cases per primary case. However, the infection tends to spread slowly, especially among close contacts. The virus invades the oropharyngeal or respiratory mucosa a, multiplies in the regional lymph nodes and causes viremia below. ultimately it reaches small blood vessels of the skin and oropharyngeal mucosa. Other organs are clinically rarely involved, except occasionally the CNS (encephalitis). A secondary bacterial infection of the skin, lungs, and bones can follow. Symptoms and complaints Variola major has a 10- to 20-day incubation at (range 7-17 days), followed by a 2- to 3-day prodromal period with fever, headache, back pain and extreme malaise. Sometimes there is severe abdominal pain and vomiting. After the prodromal develop on the oropharyngeal mucosa and in the face and on the arms maculopapular lesions that expand shortly thereafter on the trunk and lower extremities. The oropharyngeal lesions ulcerate quickly. After 1-2 days, the cutaneous lesions are vesicular, then pustulär. The pustules on the face and the extremities denser than on the trunk, and they may appear on the palms. The pustules are round and firm and appear deeply buried. Skin lesions in smallpox are unlike those for chicken pox before on a given area of ??the body all at the same stage of development. After 8 or 9 days, the pustules crust. Characteristically, there is a pronounced scar formation: the “pock-marked” face is in the German language literally. The mortality is about 30%. Death resulting from a massive inflammatory immune response, leading to shock and multiple organ failure, and usually occurs during the 2nd week of the disease. In about 5-10% of people with Variola major it comes either to a hemorrhagic or a malignant (flat) variant in which the damage is generalized so that no localized changes are defined. The hemorrhagic form is rare and has a shorter, more intense Prodromalsyndrom, which is followed by a generalized erythema and skin and mucosal bleeding. This form is fatal within 5-6 days. The malignant mold has a similar heavy prodromal stage, followed by developing confluent, flat, nichtpustulösen skin lesions. The survivors often the epidermis peels off. Smallpox Image courtesy of the Public Health Image Library of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. var model = {thumbnailUrl: ‘/-/media/manual/professional/images/smallpox_orig_high_de.jpg?la=de&thn=0&mw=350’ imageUrl: ‘/-/media/manual/professional/images/smallpox_orig_high_de.jpg?la = en & thn = 0 ‘, title:’ pox ‘, description:’ u003Ca id = “v38396579 ” class = “”anchor “” u003e u003c / a u003e u003cdiv class = “”para “” u003e u003cp u003eBei smallpox (variola) occurs diffusely distributed vesikulopapulösen lesions. The lesions are more dense in the face in general and on the extremities than on the trunk. Unlike chicken pox pox lesions of a specific body part in a similar stage of development and deeply embedded u003c / p u003e u003c / div u003e ‘credits’. Image courtesy of the Public Health Image Library of the Centers for Disease Control . and Prevention ‘